
Japan is a developed country in the world. The country, dubbed the Sakura Country, keeps a history of the formation of Japan, tourist attractions, culinary and unique cultures.
Japanese Country History
According to traditional mythology, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in the 7th century BC. Emperor Jimmu began the unbroken chain of the Japanese monarchy today. Even so, throughout its history, for the most part the real power was in the hands of court members, shoguns, the military, and into modern times, in the hands of the prime minister. According to the Japanese Constitution of 1947, Japan was a constitutional monarchy under the leadership of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Parliament.
As a developed country in the economic field, Japan has the second largest gross domestic product after the United States, and ranks in the top three in the balance of shopping ability. Japan is a member of the United Nations, G8, OECD, and APEC. Japan has adequate military power complete with modern defense systems such as AEGIS and a large fleet of destroyers. In foreign trade, Japan ranks the 4th largest exporting country and ranks the 6th largest importing country in the world. As a developed country, the Japanese population has a high standard of living (ranked 8th in the Human Development Index) and the highest life expectancy in the world according to UN estimates. In the field of technology, Japan is a developed country in the fields of telecommunications, machinery and robotics.
Archaeological research shows that Japan was inhabited by early humans at least 600,000 years ago, during the Lower Paleolithic period. After several ice ages that took place millions of years ago, Japan was connected several times with the Asian mainland via a land bridge (with Sakhalin in the north, and possibly Kyushu in the south), allowing the movement of people, animals and plants to the Japanese archipelago from the region which is now the People's Republic of China and Korea. The Japanese Paleolithic period produced the world's first polished stone equipment, around 30,000 BC.
With the end of the last ice age and the arrival of a warmer period, Jomon culture emerged in around 11,000 BC, characterized by the lifestyle of Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers and the earliest pottery-making in the world. It is estimated that the population of Jomon is the ancestor of the Proto-Japanese tribes and the Ainu tribes of today.
The start of the Yayoi period in around 300 BC marked the presence of new technologies such as rice farming in irrigated rice fields and iron and bronze tooling techniques brought along by migrants from China or Korea.
In Chinese history, the Japanese were first mentioned in classical historical texts, Han books written in 111. After the Yayoi period it was called the Kofun period around 250, which was characterized by the establishment of strong military countries. According to the Three Nations History Records, the most successful country in the Japanese archipelago at that time was Yamataikoku.
Classical Age
The part of Japanese history left written documents beginning in the 5th and 6th centuries AD, when the Chinese writing system, Buddhism and other Chinese cultures were brought into Japan from the Baekje Kingdom on the Korean Peninsula.
Subsequent developments in Buddhism in Japan and sculpture sculpture were largely influenced by Chinese Buddhism. Although initially the arrival of Buddhism was opposed by rulers who embraced Shintoism, those in power finally promoted Buddhism in Japan, and became a popular religion in Japan since the time of Asuka.
Through the order of the Taika Reformation in 645, Japan rearranged its government system by imitating it from China. This paved the way for Chinese Confucian philosophy to become dominant in Japan until the 19th century.
The Nara period in the 8th century marked a Japanese country with centralized power. The capital and imperial palace are in Heijo-kyo (now Nara). In the Nara era, Japan continuously adopted the practice of government administration from China. One of the greatest achievements of Japanese literature in the Nara period was the completion of Japanese history books called Kojiki (712) and Nihon Shoki (720).
In 784, Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, and was there for only 10 years. After that, the capital was moved back to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto). The move of the capital to Heian-kyō began the Heian period which was the golden age of classical Japanese original culture, especially in the fields of Japanese art, poetry and literature. Hikayat Genji by Murasaki Shikibu and the lyrics of the Japanese national anthem Kimi ga Yo come from the Heian period.
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages in Japan were a feudal era marked by power struggles between groups of rulers consisting of knights called samurai. In 1185, after destroying the Taira clan which was a rival clan of the Minamoto clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed as a shogun, and made him a military leader who shared power with the Emperor. The military government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo was called the Kamakura Shogunate because the government center was in Kamakura (south of Yokohama period
now). After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan helped the shogunate as a shikken, a kind of duke to the shoguns. The Kamakura shogunate successfully resisted Mongol attacks from Chinese territory in Mongol rule in 1274 and 1281. Although politically stable, the Kamakura Shogunate was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo who restored power in the hands of the emperor. Emperor Go-Daigo was eventually overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336. The Ashikaga shogunate failed to stem the power of the military rulers and feudal landlords (daimyo) and the civil war broke out in 1467 (the innin War) which began a century marked by inter-factional warfare called the land- the country fought each other or the Sengoku period.
In the 16th century, the Jesuit Union traders and missionaries from Portugal arrived for the first time in Japan, and initiated trade and cultural exchanges that were active between Japan and the Western World (Trading with Nanban). The Japanese refer to foreigners from the Western World as namban, which means barbarians from the south.
Oda Nobunaga conquered his rival daimyo by using European technology and firearms. Nobunaga almost succeeded in unifying Japan before he was killed in the Honnōji Event 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi replaced Nobunaga, and listed himself as a unifying Japan in 1590. Hideyoshi tried to take control of Korea, and twice invaded Korea, but failed after losing the battle against Korean troops which was helped by the power of the Ming Dynasty. After Hideyoshi died, Hideyoshi's troops were withdrawn from the Korean Peninsula in 1598.
After Hideyoshi's death, Hideyoshi's son, Toyotomi Hideyori, inherited his father's power. Tokugawa Ieyasu used his position as duke to Hideyori to gather political and military support from other daimyo. After defeating the Hideyori clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Ieyasu was appointed as a shogun in 1603. The military government founded by Ieyasu in Edo (now Tokyo) was called the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Tokugawa shogunate is suspicious of Catholic missionary activities, and prohibits all relations with Europeans. Trade relations were limited to Dutch traders on Dejima Island, Nagasaki. The Tokugawa government also carries out various policies such as the buke shohatto law to control daimyo in the region. In 1639, the Tokugawa Shogunate began to implement the sakoku ("closed state") policy which lasted for two and a half centuries called the Edo period. Despite undergoing a period of isolation, the Japanese continued to study the sciences from the Western World. In Japan, knowledge of Western books is called rangaku (Dutch science) because it comes from Japanese contacts with Dutch enclaves in Dejima, Nagasaki. In the Edo period, the Japanese also began studies on Japan, and called "national studies" about Japan as kokugaku.
Modern era
On March 31, 1854, the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ship" of the United States Navy forced Japan to open itself to the Western World through the Kanagawa Agreement. Subsequent agreements with Western countries during the Bakumatsu period brought Japan into an economic and political crisis. The samurai considered the Tokugawa shogunate to have weakened, and held a rebellion until the Boshin War broke out in 1867-1868. After the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, power was returned to the emperor (Meiji Restoration) and the domain system was removed. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted a political, legal and military system from the Western World. The Japanese Cabinet arranged the Emperor's Advisory Council, drafted the Meiji Constitution, and formed the Imperial Parliament. The Meiji Restoration transformed the Japanese Empire into a modern industrial country and at the same time a world military power that led to military conflict when it tried to expand teritorial in Asia. After defeating China in the Sino-Japanese and Russian Wars in the Russia-Japan War, Japan ruled Taiwan, half of Sakhalin, and Korea.
In the early 20th century, Japan experienced "Taisho democracy" which was overshadowed by the rise of Japanese expansionism and militarism. During World War I, Japan was on the side of the victorious Allies, so that Japan could expand its influence and territory. Japan continued to carry out expansionist politics by occupying Manchuria in 1931. Two years later, Japan left the League of Nations after international condemnation of Manchuria's occupation. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, and joined forces with Germany and Italy to form the Axis Block in 1941.
In 1937, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria triggered the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) which caused Japan to be subject to an oil embargo by the United States. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States Navy base at Pearl Harbor, declaring war on America. United, United Kingdom and Netherlands. Pearl Harbor's attack dragged the US into World War II. After a long military campaign in the Pacific Ocean, Japan lost its territories at the beginning of the war. The United States carried out a strategic bombing of Tokyo, Osaka and other major cities. After the US dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan finally surrendered unconditionally to the Allies on August 15, 1945 (Victory Day over Japan).
The war brought suffering to the Japanese people and people in the Japanese colonies. Millions of people were killed in Asian countries occupied by Japan under the slogan of Asia's Common Prosperity. Almost all industries and infrastructure in Japan were destroyed by war. The Allies carried out massive ethnic repatriation of Japanese from Asian countries that had been occupied by Japan. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East held by the Allies from May 3, 1946 ended with the imposition of sentences on a number of Japanese leaders found guilty of war crimes.
In 1947, Japan adopted the new Japanese Constitution. Under the new constitution, Japan was established as a country that adopted pacifism and prioritized the practice of liberal democracy. The US occupation of Japan officially ended in 1952 with the signing of the San Francisco Agreement. Nevertheless, US forces retain important bases in Japan, especially in Okinawa. The United Nations officially accepted Japan as a member in 1956.
SUMBER:
Japanese State Culture
Japan has a variety of cultures that are very unique and are still maintained today. Here are some unique cultures that only exist in Japan:
1. Ikebana
In 784, Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, and was there for only 10 years. After that, the capital was moved back to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto). The move of the capital to Heian-kyō began the Heian period which was the golden age of classical Japanese original culture, especially in the fields of Japanese art, poetry and literature. Hikayat Genji by Murasaki Shikibu and the lyrics of the Japanese national anthem Kimi ga Yo come from the Heian period.
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages in Japan were a feudal era marked by power struggles between groups of rulers consisting of knights called samurai. In 1185, after destroying the Taira clan which was a rival clan of the Minamoto clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed as a shogun, and made him a military leader who shared power with the Emperor. The military government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo was called the Kamakura Shogunate because the government center was in Kamakura (south of Yokohama period
now). After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan helped the shogunate as a shikken, a kind of duke to the shoguns. The Kamakura shogunate successfully resisted Mongol attacks from Chinese territory in Mongol rule in 1274 and 1281. Although politically stable, the Kamakura Shogunate was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo who restored power in the hands of the emperor. Emperor Go-Daigo was eventually overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336. The Ashikaga shogunate failed to stem the power of the military rulers and feudal landlords (daimyo) and the civil war broke out in 1467 (the innin War) which began a century marked by inter-factional warfare called the land- the country fought each other or the Sengoku period.
In the 16th century, the Jesuit Union traders and missionaries from Portugal arrived for the first time in Japan, and initiated trade and cultural exchanges that were active between Japan and the Western World (Trading with Nanban). The Japanese refer to foreigners from the Western World as namban, which means barbarians from the south.
Oda Nobunaga conquered his rival daimyo by using European technology and firearms. Nobunaga almost succeeded in unifying Japan before he was killed in the Honnōji Event 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi replaced Nobunaga, and listed himself as a unifying Japan in 1590. Hideyoshi tried to take control of Korea, and twice invaded Korea, but failed after losing the battle against Korean troops which was helped by the power of the Ming Dynasty. After Hideyoshi died, Hideyoshi's troops were withdrawn from the Korean Peninsula in 1598.
After Hideyoshi's death, Hideyoshi's son, Toyotomi Hideyori, inherited his father's power. Tokugawa Ieyasu used his position as duke to Hideyori to gather political and military support from other daimyo. After defeating the Hideyori clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Ieyasu was appointed as a shogun in 1603. The military government founded by Ieyasu in Edo (now Tokyo) was called the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Tokugawa shogunate is suspicious of Catholic missionary activities, and prohibits all relations with Europeans. Trade relations were limited to Dutch traders on Dejima Island, Nagasaki. The Tokugawa government also carries out various policies such as the buke shohatto law to control daimyo in the region. In 1639, the Tokugawa Shogunate began to implement the sakoku ("closed state") policy which lasted for two and a half centuries called the Edo period. Despite undergoing a period of isolation, the Japanese continued to study the sciences from the Western World. In Japan, knowledge of Western books is called rangaku (Dutch science) because it comes from Japanese contacts with Dutch enclaves in Dejima, Nagasaki. In the Edo period, the Japanese also began studies on Japan, and called "national studies" about Japan as kokugaku.
Modern era
On March 31, 1854, the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ship" of the United States Navy forced Japan to open itself to the Western World through the Kanagawa Agreement. Subsequent agreements with Western countries during the Bakumatsu period brought Japan into an economic and political crisis. The samurai considered the Tokugawa shogunate to have weakened, and held a rebellion until the Boshin War broke out in 1867-1868. After the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, power was returned to the emperor (Meiji Restoration) and the domain system was removed. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted a political, legal and military system from the Western World. The Japanese Cabinet arranged the Emperor's Advisory Council, drafted the Meiji Constitution, and formed the Imperial Parliament. The Meiji Restoration transformed the Japanese Empire into a modern industrial country and at the same time a world military power that led to military conflict when it tried to expand teritorial in Asia. After defeating China in the Sino-Japanese and Russian Wars in the Russia-Japan War, Japan ruled Taiwan, half of Sakhalin, and Korea.
In the early 20th century, Japan experienced "Taisho democracy" which was overshadowed by the rise of Japanese expansionism and militarism. During World War I, Japan was on the side of the victorious Allies, so that Japan could expand its influence and territory. Japan continued to carry out expansionist politics by occupying Manchuria in 1931. Two years later, Japan left the League of Nations after international condemnation of Manchuria's occupation. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, and joined forces with Germany and Italy to form the Axis Block in 1941.
In 1937, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria triggered the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) which caused Japan to be subject to an oil embargo by the United States. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States Navy base at Pearl Harbor, declaring war on America. United, United Kingdom and Netherlands. Pearl Harbor's attack dragged the US into World War II. After a long military campaign in the Pacific Ocean, Japan lost its territories at the beginning of the war. The United States carried out a strategic bombing of Tokyo, Osaka and other major cities. After the US dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan finally surrendered unconditionally to the Allies on August 15, 1945 (Victory Day over Japan).
The war brought suffering to the Japanese people and people in the Japanese colonies. Millions of people were killed in Asian countries occupied by Japan under the slogan of Asia's Common Prosperity. Almost all industries and infrastructure in Japan were destroyed by war. The Allies carried out massive ethnic repatriation of Japanese from Asian countries that had been occupied by Japan. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East held by the Allies from May 3, 1946 ended with the imposition of sentences on a number of Japanese leaders found guilty of war crimes.
In 1947, Japan adopted the new Japanese Constitution. Under the new constitution, Japan was established as a country that adopted pacifism and prioritized the practice of liberal democracy. The US occupation of Japan officially ended in 1952 with the signing of the San Francisco Agreement. Nevertheless, US forces retain important bases in Japan, especially in Okinawa. The United Nations officially accepted Japan as a member in 1956.
SUMBER:
Japanese State Culture
Japan has a variety of cultures that are very unique and are still maintained today. Here are some unique cultures that only exist in Japan:
1. Ikebana

Ikebana is also one of Japanese culture. Ikebana is a contemporary flower arrangement. In Japan, flowers are a special thing, they always put flowers that have been strung on the main altrar. Japanese believe that flowers are a place to worship God. At first ikebana was arranged in a simple and immediately placed on the main altar. However, in today's era ikebana is getting complicated when strung together, there are even a few things to learn for flower arrangement.
2. Tako
Tako is a very interesting Japanese culture, where Japanese people gather on a large square and fly kites. The unique kite design makes kites from Japan look different from kites around the world. Usually this tako can be found only when there is a cultural festival, and at the time of cultural fistival everyone must attend.

Budaya Tako ( Menerbangkan layang-layang )

Origami
This Japanese culture is very unique, many tourists are interested in attending the tea ceremony. The tea ceremony is a way to entertain guests. Usually this tea ceremony reflects the personality of the tea presenter. We can see the way of thinking and also the purpose of life of the presenter. We can also see how strong the culture he holds.
6. Bring gifts when visiting
8. Kimono
Surely you already know that kimono clothes are traditional Japanese clothes. Kimono is clothing that is used for everyday life in the past. However, because now the era is modern and many western-style clothes that have dominated the whole country make kimono rarely used. Usually today, kimono are used when there are special events. Kimono can be used by women and men, but for men the design is simpler. Kimono's clothes are also Japanese culture since a long time ago.
9. Nagoya Festival
Tako is a very interesting Japanese culture, where Japanese people gather on a large square and fly kites. The unique kite design makes kites from Japan look different from kites around the world. Usually this tako can be found only when there is a cultural festival, and at the time of cultural fistival everyone must attend.

Budaya Tako ( Menerbangkan layang-layang )
3. Origami

Origami
Origami also includes Japanese culture which is very famous throughout the world. Origami likes to be studied by children to help their thinking power. Origami is also very interesting because we can make all forms with a piece of paper. Japanese culture is very popular throughout the world, so many tourists are interested in going to Japan to learn about Japanese culture.
4. Sumo
Many people from other countries are interested in this one Japanese cultural show. Sumo is Japanese-style wrestling, usually sumo pagulat will push each other so that the opponent can come out of the arranged ring. The summoners will usually lose if they come out of the designated ring. Usually this sumo match lasts a few seconds, but there are up to a matter of minutes.
5. Tea ceremony
5. Tea ceremony
This Japanese culture is very unique, many tourists are interested in attending the tea ceremony. The tea ceremony is a way to entertain guests. Usually this tea ceremony reflects the personality of the tea presenter. We can see the way of thinking and also the purpose of life of the presenter. We can also see how strong the culture he holds.
6. Bring gifts when visiting
Bring gifts when visiting including unique Japanese culture. Usually when people visit their friends 'or relatives' homes they will wrap gifts for their host. You don't have to give expensive and good gifts, but you have to try to decorate the gift package to make it look attractive. The hosts are very honored to receive a gift wrapped in a unique ribbon.
7. Hanami celebration
7. Hanami celebration
Cherry Blossom ( Bunga Sakura )
This hamani celebration is a celebration that is usually held during spring, where the cherry blossoms bloom. This Hanami celebration is a celebration of enjoying the beauty of flowers, Japanese people will usually carry out picnics and hold meals at the bottom of the cherry trees to enjoy the beauty of the blossoming cherry blossoms. This Hanami celebration is very unique, many tourists visit Japan in spring to enjoy this Hanami celebration.
8. Kimono
Surely you already know that kimono clothes are traditional Japanese clothes. Kimono is clothing that is used for everyday life in the past. However, because now the era is modern and many western-style clothes that have dominated the whole country make kimono rarely used. Usually today, kimono are used when there are special events. Kimono can be used by women and men, but for men the design is simpler. Kimono's clothes are also Japanese culture since a long time ago.
Nagoya Festival
The Nagoya Festival was held in mid-October and held for 2 days. This Nagoya festival performs with traditional Japanese clothes in the past. They dress up like war fighters at that time. The festival is held to honor Toyotomi Hideyoshi, ieyasu, Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa who lived in the Middle Ages. This festival is in October, for those of you who want to see a visit to Japan in mid-October.




